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Michael Gaughn

Review: This is Spinal Tap

This is Spinal Tap (1983)

review | This is Spinal Tap

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The first real mockumentary still comes on strong on streaming, despite being tripped up by some overzealous image manipulation

by Michael Gaughn
December 8, 2023

I need to get some bitching out of the way before I dive in—a little bitch and a big one. The little one: I wanted to rent This is Spinal Tap but none of the streaming services offer it for rental so I was forced to buy it instead. Nothing against Tap—it’s one of the great movie comedies (leagues beyond the shrill and humorless Some Like It Hot)—I just have no use for a streaming copy. Amazon only charged a couple bucks more than they would have for a rental, but still. It’s the principle of the thing.

The bigger bitch: It looks like hell. I’m sure many, if not most, people would praise it as looking clean with punchy enough color, but that’s kind of beside the point. Spinal Tap was shot in the early ‘80s on 16mm film and it’s just not convincing as a documentary if it doesn’t look like it was shot in the early ‘80s on 16mm film. But somebody went nuts with the enhancement, creating the kind of too crisp, pointillistic look I get whenever I screw around too much with the sharpening tool in Premiere.

I know that kind of thing is now so common it’s become expected. What was done to The Godfather should have raised howls—I didn’t even hear whimpers. But it’s especially egregious when applied to 16mm, where it can’t look anything other than forced and artificial. And it’s not something that’s easy to get used to. I found its sand-art aesthetic pulling me out of the film over and over for the duration.

I know my issue with this can’t fall on anything but deaf ears at a time when both audiences and studios are determined to make sure everything looks like it’s a product of the present moment, even though the present moment irredeemably sucks. But when it undermines the whole spirit of a film—especially at a time when so many contemporary movies are trying to ape the look of 16mm—there’s just no possible excuse.

All that aside, Spinal Tap holds up mightily—far better than I would have expected going into it. It wasn’t the first mockumentary, but it was the first one to get all the basics right. And it’s got more depth to it than any of the mocus that have come in its wake, partly because Rob Reiner and company achieve the almost impossible task of honoring the conventions of satire while fleshing out the characters in ways the form doesn’t usually allow.

The Office (the U.S. Office) never would have happened without Tap—not just because of the form, but because Peter Smokler, the Office DP who defined the look of the mockumentary genre, cut his teeth on Spinal Tap. In fact, there’s a strong and true through-line from Tap to The Larry Sanders Show to Freaks and Geeks to The Office.

Tap is the pinnacle of Reiner’s career, before he descended into churning out that series of beloved “Rob Reiner” films that were hugely successful but all felt too slick and corporate—soulless. It’s not to take anything away from Reiner’s work on Tap to wonder how much Harry Shearer, Michael McKean, and Christopher Guest contributed to the film’s genius—because it is a work of genius. Yes, McKean, Guest, and Shearer created a beyond convincing fake band to build the movie around, but they also seem to have been co-equal to Reiner to making the film work as film.

It would be lazy to give too much of that credit to Guest, who would essentially pick up the mantle from Reiner and create his own reputation as a mockumentarian. But even the strongest of his efforts—Best of Show—is just pleasing and diverting. It doesn’t come within lightyears of what Tap was able to achieve.

There’s zero point in rehashing the particulars of Tap at this late date since practically every frame of the film is now baked deeply into the culture, but I have to point out how much Harry Shearer was able to do in the otherwise thankless role of second banana. He gets, and then brilliantly milks, the two best sight gags in the film: the (admittedly an acquired taste) ”stuck in the giant plastic chrysalis” bit and the now legendary “zucchini in the trousers” bit, indisputably one of the great sight gags in cinema.

Lastly, the film’s frequent references to racism and sexism reminded me how long we’ve been stuck in that conversation, have been trying to play by those rules, while making practically no discernible headway, but have instead managed to turn legitimate concerns about decency and fairness into wedges to drive huge swaths of the populace, and single individuals with them, apart. It might be time to give up on playing out that particular lose-lose scenario—it’s clearly become nothing but a way to maintain the status quo—and consider that any kind of sustainable decency might need to be rooted in commonality, not difference, instead.

Michael Gaughn—The Absolute Sound, The Perfect Vision, Wideband, Stereo Review, Sound & Vision, The Rayva Roundtablemarketing, product design, some theater designs, a couple TV shows, some commercials, and now this.

PICTURE | Way over-enhanced, in a way that completely undermines the film’s shot-in the-early-’80s-on-16mm documentary aesthetic 

SOUND | The on-set sound is about what you could expect from a pseudo documentary. The music tracks are cleaner and more dynamic, though, with the occasional too-extreme separation of the time.

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Review: Pee-Wee’s Playhouse Christmas Special

Pee Wees Playhouse Christmas Special

review | Pee-Wee’s Playhouse Christmas Special

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The ultimate alt holiday special holds up surprisingly well and not just as a nostalgia trip

by Michael Gaughn
updated December 3, 2023

One night about eight years ago, right around this same time of year, I had just introduced a five-year-old girl, a seven-year-old boy, and a prematurely jaded 20-year-old film student to some classic Max Fleischer cartoons and they were clamoring for more. I couldn’t find any other good ones on YouTube, so I decided to follow a train of thought—and take a big gamble—and introduce them to Pee-Wee’s Playhouse via the Christmas special.

All three sat rapt throughout. I was surprised that almost every big laugh landed and nobody in that rag-tag group was thrown by the show’s fever-dream take on the holiday. The only real comment came from the five year old, who reacted to Pee-Wee running around the playhouse screaming “It’s snowing! It’s snowing! It’s snowing!” with a vaguely admiring “He’s crazy.” I couldn’t disagree.

The Pee-Wee’s Playhouse Christmas Special is by far the best thing Paul (Pee-Wee Herman) Rubens ever did. The early seasons of the Playhouse had their flashes of brilliance, but seemed more daring than they were mainly because they were being shown on Saturday morning on CBS. By the time of the Christmas special, the series had run its course, having become a little too educational for its own good. There was really no good reason to expect anything great out of this primetime offering, let alone an act of genius.

It’s no longer possible to appreciate just how bold the Playhouse Christmas was, unapologetically deploying just about every aspect of gay subculture to challenge the dominance of the safely patriarchal Bing Crosby/Perry Como portrayal of the holiday. But the show doesn’t spring from the rage, resentment, and overweening pride that mars practically every contemporary effort along the same lines, instead showing a world of others where everyone gets along out of mutual tolerance and respect.

Just as importantly, Rubens managed to simultaneously honor longstanding comedy traditions—this is practically a textbook of classic schtick—and the comfortable conventions of the network holiday special while doing the best job since Charlie Brown of actually capturing the feel of the season, which is why it’s as strong today as when it debuted in 1988.

There’s a simple test you can take to determine whether the Pee-Wee special is for you: If the show’s opening doesn’t have you convulsed with laughter, you’d be better off watching the Hallmark Channel or Die Hard instead. The beautifully modulated series of gags in this off-the-charts production number rivals the pacing of the comic revelations in the best Chaplin shorts.

There’s little point in recounting the standout bits—although Little Richard on Ice, The Billy Baloney Christmas Special, Grace Jones in a crate, and Hanukkah with Mrs. Rennie are all classics. And it’s hard to get enough of Larry Fishburne as a very urban Cowboy Curtis. That’s not to say that the show doesn’t occasionally sag, but the cameos by Oprah Winfrey, Whoopi Goldberg, and Joan Rivers are all mercifully held to about 15 seconds each. The only truly painful moment is K.D. Lang’s incredibly misguided take on “Jingle Bell Rock,” which she clearly meant as a goof but was unable to goose above the level of a high-school talent show.

This special is from the late ’80s, before TV started aping film-production techniques, but Rubens turns all the various shortcomings of that deeply and permanently flawed medium into virtues. The playhouse is unapologetically set-bound, which reinforces the idea of a man-child living completely divorced from the outside world. (That Pee-Wee only really worked within the artifice of a children’s show helps explain why he never translated well into movies, and why his TV incarnation is way less retrograde and offensive than all the other man-children who overran the ‘80s—and plague us still.) The primitive computer graphics still work because they don’t try to be anything more than what they are—the projections of a child’s imagination. The now legendary puppetry and stop-motion animation remain brilliant.

I was surprised by how good the show looks on Netflix. But you first need to get beyond the opening animation, where a welter of artifacts makes the snowfields look like they’re covered in soot. You can’t expect a TV production from 30-plus years ago to have contemporary sharpness or subtle gradations of color—which would be way out of place here anyway. Everything is appropriately vivid and cartoony, and while there’s the occasional soft frame, there’s never anything egregious enough to pull you out of the show. [NOTE: The special isn’t currently available on Netflix, but the Pee Wee Herman YouTube channel has a restored version available here.]

Watching the Pee-Wee’s Playhouse Christmas Special is like listening to ‘20s small-group jazz—it’s impossible not to feel happy. A lot of shows cynically try to nail the feeling of holiday cheer out of a mandate to spur a nation of knee-jerk consumers to buy yet another round of crap they don’t really need and on the outside chance their not-so-special effort will become up a perennial and rack up some ill-gotten residuals. But the Pee-Wee special has something sincere about it that reminds me a lot (and don’t let this creep you out too much) of Phil Spector’s A Christmas Gift for You—another genius effort from an outsider looking for redemption in the pop-culture heart of Christmas.

Michael Gaughn—The Absolute Sound, The Perfect Vision, Wideband, Stereo Review, Sound & Vision, The Rayva Roundtablemarketing, product design, some theater designs, a couple TV shows, some commercials, and now this.

PICTURE | About as good as you could ever expect a late-’80 TV special to look—although the restored version available on the Pee-Wee Herman YouTube channel looks strangely desaturated

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Review: Wormwood

Wormwood (2017)

review | Wormwood

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Half the content in Errol Morris’s Netflix documentary series on a CIA coverup is must-see viewing—the other half is just an ill-conceived waste of time

by Michael Gaughn
November 6, 2023

If you’re as annoyed as I am by all those overproduced, content-thin pseudo documentaries full of cutesy animation and labored dramatic reenactments that have come to flood Netflix, blame Errol Morris. His 1988 The Thin Blue Line shook up the moribund documentary genre and took it in a radical new direction by introducing images and conventions—including a sometimes cheeky, sometimes brooding tone—straight out of narrative cinema. He can’t really be held responsible for what far less talented, for more ingratiating filmmakers have done with the form he created. But he can be held responsible for offering up an unintentional self-parody in his effort to try to fit into the Netflix mold.

Half of 2017’s Wormwood—the stuff that directly revolves around Eric Olson and his efforts to find out the real story of why his father fell to his death out of a hotel window while in the care of the CIA—is unsettling and riveting. It offers another badly needed glimpse into that organization’s notorious MK Ultra program, shows the failure of the investigative press to pierce the subsequent decades-long coverup, and tells the wrenching story of Olson, who threw away a potentially brilliant career in psychology to get to the bottom of his father’s death. All of that is well worth watching.

The other half—speculative reenactments of the events leading up to and a way from the supposed suicide, with Peter Sarsgaard anemically portraying Olson’s father—is well intended, thinks it’s being groundbreaking, but is nothing but inept, tepid filler. And although Morris has been threatening to do something like this for years, I suspect these segments are only there to the oppressive degree they are because they’re the kind of thing Netflix feels makes documentaries palatable for its audience. But they’re really just a cringe-inducing waste of time that puffs the series up to six episodes when it would have been far more engaging and powerful at three.

So I’ve got a very odd recommendation to make: Definitely watch this series—it’s well worth it. But know that you’ll want to re-edit it in your head as you go along, blotting out all the threadbare theatrics, instead homing in on just the Eric Olson material—unless of course you actually like dramatic reenactments. In which case I have to ask, what the hell’s the matter with you?

I don’t think I can stress this enough: Wormwood is almost schizophrenic, but in a somewhat trivial way. The Eric Olson stuff is brilliantly done, the material is consistently absorbing, and it plays out with all the teases and reveals of a good mystery story. The other half is like having a son in film school and having to sit through the end-of-term screening of everyone’s final projects—except done here with a redundancy and tonal monotony that can make you feel like you’re trying to catch your breath in a vacuum.

That carries over into both the visuals and sound as well. Translating Olson’s therapeutic photo-collage technique into the supporting graphics works well for the most part. (Although it gets a little flip when it commingles images of actual people with shots of the actors portraying them, and Morris goes back to his “spiking the Cointreau” animation about five times too often.) The Olson’s home movies are well deployed to both convey the family in its time and to underscore key emotional points. The score for these segments—yet another dollop of poor man’s Glass—doesn’t really enhance anything but doesn’t do much to distract you, either. And while the video is dim and almost monochromatic, and the framing too clever by half, it doesn’t really impede Olson, Seymour Hersh, the Olson family’s attorneys, and others from presenting their material.

The reenactments, though, feature that relentlessly murky “did somebody forget to pay the electric bill?” look that’s served as a substitute for truly expressive cinematography for more than a decade now. What does this predilection for wallowing in a world where the sun never shines say about our collective psyche? This so-called aesthetic in no way makes the action more interesting—just harder to see. (And here, it even manages to stump Netflix’ usually stellar encoding, with obvious banding in a shot outside a hotel room door in Episode 3 and in the police interrogation scene and the interview with former Assistant DA Stephen Saracco in Episode 4, among other places.)

The score, which behaves itself for the most part during the Eric Olson-related segments, becomes just silly and grating during the reenactments—that monotonous noodling over dark, ominous tones, big on atmosphere but thin on emotion, that we now accept as the contemporary equivalent of the wall-to-wall scoring that helped sink hundreds of mediocre Studio Era productions. If you’re looking for nice, deep, gut-churning bass, the score serves up heaping helpings whenever it’s trying to cover up for the inept staging and convince you something exciting (or at least interesting) is about to happen.

I realize I’m circling back, but it’s a point worth emphasizing: The arc of Eric Olson’s story is documentary manna so well presented that it allows you to tolerate all the dramatic contrivance elsewhere—and how many filmmakers could manage to rise above their own misjudgment like that? But the reenactments seem to be nothing but an exercise in perversity. You can’t really say they summon up enough energy to qualify as sound and fury but they do manage to signify next to nothing. And Morris just can’t stop chewing on the hotel-room scene, showing it play out over and over again with minor variations when it carried whatever impact it was going to have (which wasn’t much) the first time around.

Anyone attuned knows that Errol Morris has had an odd career, and that he’s deliberately cultivated that oddness as a way to keep himself in the limelight. But something that went well beyond his usual quirkiness happened in the wake of his Oscar-winning The Fog of War, which is undeniably a sui generis masterwork. Like with Truman Capote and In Cold Blood, Morris seemed to have lost something essential by digging so deeply into a character as complex and bedeviling as Robert McNamara. He continued to do films on provocative figures—Donald Rumsfeld, Abu Graib, Steve Bannon—but lost the ability to rise to the challenge of his subjects, producing work that didn’t so much leave you hungry for more as hungry for somethinganything. The parts of Wormwood that work work because Morris was almost perfectly attuned to the material and because he obviously identified with and bonded with Olson, providing an emotional undercurrent that’s been missing since he bonded with the uniquely corrupt father figure McNamara. As for the reenactments, the only pertinent question is: What was he thinking?

Michael Gaughn—The Absolute Sound, The Perfect Vision, Wideband, Stereo Review, Sound & Vision, The Rayva Roundtablemarketing, product design, some theater designs, a couple TV shows, some commercials, and now this.

PICTURE | The consistently murky cinematography manages to trip up Netflix’ codec in a few places, with some obvious banding in evidence

SOUND | Intelligible dialogue during the interview segments—a lot of mumbling during the reenactments. The bass goes deep with impact during the dramatic scenes. 

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Review: The King of Staten Island

The King of Staten Island

review | The King of Staten Island

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Attempting to capture the aimlessness, absurdity, and grunge of the underclass, Judd Apatow utterly misses the mark

by Michael Gaughn
January 27, 2020

I know that people like the characters in The King of Staten Island exist but I don’t like paying to be reminded of that fact, especially over a grueling two hours and 17 minutes. I felt the same revulsion watching American Factory, another grisly reminder of the underclass spawned by successive generations of callous, punitive economics and an increasingly toxic pop culture. Yes, this is who we’ve become, but it’s nothing to be proud of.

I can’t imagine what kept Apatow motivated through the protracted process of developing, writing, shooting, and doing post on something this pointless. When he sat down every morning, what did he see in this dung heap that gave him the energy to carry on?

The answer may lie with the Apatow house brand—which is something distinctly different from his style as a filmmaker, which I’ll get to it a minute. Imagine Freaks & Greeks grafted onto Buñuel’s Los olividados, and you’ll have some idea of where he was trying to go with Staten Island. And that could have potentially been fertile ground. Problem is he couldn’t resist the impulse to apply his patented warm and fuzzy formula in an effort to redeem his irredeemable characters, so what starts out like Trainspotting ends up a lot like It’s a Wonderful Life. The former rings true, but something nobody really needs to be exposed to; the latter is just nauseating.

His distinctive style has been apparent from his earliest directorial efforts. (Even a casual observer can see the clear through-line from the freeze-pop scene in Freaks & Geeks to Staten Island.) And his work has the potential of being tremendously expressive—if he can ever find the right material. The problem is, Freaks remains his strongest effort to date, aside from some occasional moments in 40 Year Old Virgin and This is 40. Whenever he’s tried to bring some discipline to his work and act more like a “filmmaker,” like with Knocked Up, the egregious Funny People, and here, he always goes seriously awry. But he’s definitely onto something, and might actually somehow someday get far enough out of his own way to latch onto a more promising subject.

Staten Island was supposed to have had a limited theatrical run, mainly at drive-ins, but Universal at the last minute decided to send it straight to video. My guess is they couldn’t figure out who the audience was supposed to be and were afraid it would flop hard even at a time when people are starved for entertainment.

But premium video on demand wasn’t such a great alternative. I had to fork over 19 bucks to watch this on Amazon—that’s a hefty amount to wager on a film that doesn’t give you much of  a clue of what you’re in for. The bigger problem is that you can be halfway through the seemingly interminable slog of watching it and still not have a clue.

I know it’s heresy to bring this up at a time when every film sprawls and nobody has the creative discipline, or a strong enough sense of mercy, to cut anything to the length it actually deserves, but Staten Island could have easily been a nice, tight 90 minutes and still have been, for better or worse, the same film. At least I would have gotten 45 minutes of my life back.

I don’t have much to say about the acting except that, if you’ve ever seen an Apatow film, you’re seen all of these performances before. And there’s the recurring problem of nepotism. What has to happen to keep Apatow from casting his own family members? His daughter Maude is OK as Pete Davidson’s responsible, grounded, empathetic (insert morally laudable trait here: _____) sister, but is in no way exceptional and is a kind of poster child for the daughters of privilege swelling the acting ranks in New York and LA, people with only modest abilities but terrific connections.

There’s nothing exceptional happening on the technical side either. Staten Island is shot in the standard-issue faux documentary, “independent film” style that’s been dragging down serious films for at least a decade now. (Did I mention that this isn’t really a comedy?) Everything is well enough shot and assembled, but this could have been presented as a radio play with pretty much the same impact. Part of the almost $20 price of admission can be attributed to Staten Island being a 4K HDR release, but I couldn’t see where that really helped or hindered anything.

The audio is perfectly serviceable, and can’t be held accountable for the unpleasant accents and some of the actors’ inability to articulate their lines. There are the obligatory pop-music cues meant to create a false sense of energy, and some firearms are discharged during a robbery scene. I guess the gunshots sound realistic. I’m kind of glad to say I have no way of knowing for sure.

Maybe this thing panders just enough to have an audience beyond self-pitying brats. God only knows Staten Island embodies the corrosive masochism that lies at the black heart of the culture. I just know that trying make our dance with Thanatos more palatable by turning it into something that veers awful close to becoming a musical isn’t healthy for anybody. If you really feel like you really need to piss away $20 online, go play some poker instead.

Michael Gaughn—The Absolute Sound, The Perfect Vision, Wideband, Stereo Review, Sound & Vision, The Rayva Roundtablemarketing, product design, some theater designs, a couple TV shows, some commercials, and now this.

PICTURE | Shot in standard-issue faux documentary, “independent film” style, it’s hard to see where 4K HDR brings anything to the proceedings

SOUND | The audio is perfectly serviceable and can’t be held accountable for the unpleasant accents and some of the actors’ inability to articulate their lines

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Review: Space Force

Space Force

review | Space Force

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Netflix’ blatant and desperate attempt to try to salvage some of its Office audience results in a sitcom that manages to fire on no cylinders

by Michael Gaughn
June 6, 2020

It’s not hard to figure out how this all began. Netflix had an unexpected boon when Millennials didn’t discover The Office until after it had migrated over to the subscription service, but then seized on and devoured it as if they’d just summoned up manna. But then, as part of the seemingly endless proliferation of streaming providers, NBC decided to launch Peacock and bring The Office back under its wing, depriving Netflix of what is probably its steadiest flow of viewers.

While they would never publicly admit it, Netflix suddenly found itself desperate for a new series that looked, walked, and smelled enough like The Office to retain a sizable portion of that show’s audience.

Enter Office creator Greg Daniels and star Steve Carell with the idea for a service comedy—an idea as old as the hills (or at least as old as Aristophanes)—and as current as today’s headlines. Or at least that’s how they would have presented it at the pitch meeting—assuming they even had to do a pitch before Netflix handed them a blank check.

To cut right to the chase, Space Force is nothing but a mess, way overinflated in every possible way, the most hackneyed of sitcom premises puffed up with a stupidly large budget and a random mob of a cast. If this had been made for a fraction of the money and with a little less latitude, the constraints might have brought some badly needed discipline to the exercise, yielding something tighter, funnier, and more watchable. Maybe.

What we have instead is the Netflix equivalent of It’s a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World—a too-big-to-fail comedy that puts a gun to your head and tells you to laugh because it’s desperate to justify its existence. There are some laughs, occasionally (I have to admit to falling for the space chimp bit), but far too rarely. Space Force is the sitcom equivalent of spending an evening watching a room full of monkeys perched at typewriters and waiting for one of them to randomly tap out a joke.

To go with another animal analogy, it’s a great, big slobbering Labrador of a show, utterly superficial, with no ideas or convictions of its own, desperately trying to please everybody and willing to do anything to get a little attention. If you’ve heard that it’s a spoof or satire, you heard wrong. Space Force doesn’t bite—it licks your face instead. It doesn’t have the creative courage to skewer a damn thing.

But enough generalities; let’s talk specifics. You get the sense Carell loves The Great Santini and decided, for some reason, to drag it into the present. But it would be hard to name another actor more different from Carell, with his extremely limited acting range, than Robert Duvall. That cognitive dissonance might help explain why Carrel can’t get a bead on his character but constantly shifts between playing a pint-sized general, Michael Scott, and an ambiguous third being who might actually be Carell himself.

The cast is big and, almost without exception, unexceptional, the most offensive member being Ben Schwartz as Carell’s media manager. His every moment on screen is the comedy equivalent of waterboarding. Carell’s character fires him in the first episode, which seemed logical and felt definitive, and led to the hope we were rid of him forever. But this is a cliché-laden sitcom after all, so he keeps arbitrarily popping back up throughout the series, like a horror-movie villain or a rodent, even though his shtick is predictable, his actions implausible, and he fails to generate any laughs.

The biggest offense—although you can’t really blame the completely bland, inoffensive actress saddled with playing her—is the pilot who starts out as Carrel’s whirlybird chauffeur and somehow ends up commanding a lunar mission. She’s not a character or the product of a legitimate creative act but a fashionable amalgam, born of checking off a bunch of boxes meant to suck up to contemporary sensibilities. As far as you can get from three-dimensional, she’s a direct descendant of the personified virtues in a medieval morality play.

More specifically, she’s only there to be the token tough-but-caring black girl who rises to a level of great responsibility because she has a massive father complex.

If there’s any glimmer of light in this black hole of a series, it’s John Malkovich as the lead scientist. He’s ultimately nothing but a stereotypically affected straw man, Alice to Carell’s Ralph, Felix to his Oscar. It’s only Malkovich’s ability to make something out of nothing that causes his screen time to add up to anything resembling creative redemption.

Pardon a little inside baseball, but I watched Space Force straight through when it debuted and planned to publish this review then. But my reaction was so strong, I felt the need to buy some distance before going public with my thoughts. Unfortunately, the weeks that have lapsed since have only reinforced my original impressions.

If you’re big on Anointed vs. Underclass fictions that come down firmly for the Anointed, this show is for you. If you find succor in a day-care center view of the world, then you’ll probably actually enjoy the image of a military mission jubilantly jumping around the lunar surface like a bunch of infants. I didn’t. Space Force shows how far we’ve devolved since Metropolis, and suggests the Fredersens of the world have irrevocably won.

Michael Gaughn—The Absolute Sound, The Perfect Vision, Wideband, Stereo Review, Sound & Vision, The Rayva Roundtablemarketing, product design, some theater designs, a couple TV shows, some commercials, and now this.

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Barry Sonnenfeld–A Life in Movies, Pt. 3

Barry Sonnenfeld–A Life in Movies

part 3

The series concludes with the legendary comedy director sharing his thoughts on the art of the movies and what it takes to master the craft

by Michael Gaughn
August 3, 2023

above | Barry Sonnenfeld setting up a shot on the set of Netflix’ A Series of Unfortunate Events

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Julie Christie in Heaven Can Wait (1978)

While Parts 1 and 2 did touch on shooting and directing, this final installment focuses mainly on Barry Sonnenfeld’s unique take on the art and craft of making films. Because he’s known mainly for comedies, critics and commentators have never given him all the credit he deserves. But Barry’s influence on the cinematography for and direction of the comedy genre has been tremendous, helping to pivot it away from the static, stagebound approach that has dominated the form ever since the inception of film to a more dynamic, adventurous style that helps put the camera on an equal footing with the actors.

And, just to tidy things up, you’ll find some digressions here on film school, his favorite cinematographer, and tangling with a troublesome future President.

Your work has always had a very distinctive style, even when you were shooting for others, but it never seemed to just be style for style’s sake.

What I think I brought to a lot of the movies I shot in the ‘80s and that I directed from the ‘90s on was that I used the camera as a storytelling device and not just a recording device. Many directors set up the camera to just record the story but they don’t use lens selection or camera movement as part of the story tone. And what I did, with Throw Momma from the Train and Raising Arizona—I did it also with Three O’Clock High, which I actually shot but was credited as the lighting consultant because I wasn’t in the west coast union—was make the camera part of the storytelling, make it almost a character in the movie.

And that was at its most insane with both Raising Arizona and Throw Momma—well, even in Blood Simple, when the camera tracks along the bar, booms up because there’s a drunk in the way, booms back down and continues on. I was at the New York Film Festival when Blood Simple was shown and the fact that a shot could get a laugh—there’s no dialogue, there’s nothing—that’s thrilling to me. As a cameraman, to be able to create comedy just through a camera move is perfection.

And you said the Coens originally cut that out of the film.

I went to their editing room one morning, and the shot was out. And I said, “Why did you cut it out?” and Ethan said, “I don’t know, it seemed a little self-conscious.” And I said, “Have you seen the rest of the movie? Why just pick on that shot?”

You know, there are shots where the camera’s mounted on the same rig with Fran [McDormand], and you think she’s in Marty’s bar and then the camera and her tilt 90 degrees, and we find out we’re—we put a pillow and sheets on the floor, so she falls through space, and now is in her bedroom as it transitions. So there was nothing but self-conscious film-school stuff in that movie.

Even today, most comedies are shot pretty conservatively. The Judd Apatow/Adam McKay camp and its offshoots are mainly about getting straight recordings of the performances.

There aren’t that many cinematographers who know how to stylize comedies. I mean, Bill Fraker, one of the most famous cinematographers there are, was a brilliant comedy DP. He shot Heaven Can Wait for Warren Beatty; he shot 1941 for Spielberg—not a particularly great movie but a beautiful comedy. Fraker didn’t use a camera to tell the story, but he was a great lighter.

Where does Gordon Willis fit into all this, since he shot all those comedies for Woody Allen? I know that when Diane Keaton found out Willis was going to shoot Annie Hall, it was like, “Why did you hire him?” because she couldn’t imagine him doing a comedy.

It’s so funny you say that because Gordon Willis was by far my favorite cinematographer. And his stuff looks nothing like mine. But it’s so beautifully, beautifully lit and photographed. And you’re right, Gordon Willis is another guy who knew how to shoot comedies. He didn’t like to move the camera much at all.

I was just going to say that you’re never aware of when he’s moving it.

Right. But I was honored when I was being interviewed by a reporter from Variety about two years ago and she told me she had asked Gordon Willis who his favorite cinematographer was working in his era, and he said it was me. And that is thrilling to me because we have such different styles. The closest, I would say is, Miller’s Crossing, which could have looked like Gordon shot it—very contrasty, the strong sidelight, stuff like that.

Manhattan (1979)

virtuoso comedy: Gordon Willis’s four-character long-take tracking shot through Soho in Woody Allen’s Manhattan (1979)

aliens in broad daylight on the streets of New York—Men in Black (1997)

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Do you think of yourself as a New York filmmaker? Until I read your book, I never really thought of you that way. You’re usually associated with Hollywood-type films but everything about you is New York.

That’s really good. I never thought of it that way either but, yes, I do consider myself a New York filmmaker. I worked very hard to get Men in Black rewritten so it took place in New York. When I came on, it was in Las Vegas and Washington, DC, and Lawrence, Kansas. And I kept saying, “If there are aliens, they’re in New York.” Because in New York, you can pass without any disguise, you know.

I recently talked to somebody who entered the NYU graduate film program the year before you did, and he said his experiences were very similar to yours, that he had to deal with a lot of bitter faculty members with one credit to their name and was fighting the faculty and administration all the way through just to get anything decent done.

Things might have changed, but when I was in the program, most of the teachers—who were actually good—were all kind of disgruntled and were no longer in the industry because they, for various reasons, couldn’t hack it. But the truth is none of them could teach anything until we started to shoot stuff. Sitting there watching The Sound of Music in directing class didn’t really help me, you know.

When you started to shoot, that’s when you realized, “O, that’s why you can’t shoot one over-the-shoulder with a 21mm lens and do the reverse with a 75. It looks wrong.” “O, that’s why you need coverage.” “O, I’m shooting everything too tight and I don’t know where I am.” By doing, that’s where you learn. And that’s also where the teachers can help you once they’re sitting with you, in the editing room or whatever. But until then, waste of time, waste of money—just insanely expensive.

Film was so expensive, we had to design all the shots ahead of time. You couldn’t just show up and shoot endless masters and then do an over-the-shoulder of the whole scene. So we always were thinking as we were shooting, “How are we going to edit this?” So, if I was shooting a master, I would shoot the first 20 seconds of it and say, “OK, guys, now we’ll go to the last half of the page where you say, ‘I hate you,’ and leave,” because I knew that the whole middle, I would never be in that master. I’ve got to be tighter because of the emotion of the scene, or whatever.

Now that everyone shoots video, what do they do when they go to film school? Does the school give you a 16-gig SD card on the camera and say, “And you’re not allowed to buy your own SD cards. You can only use these 30 minutes”? I think it would create a different theory of how these students learn to make movies.

The other thing that’s changed is everybody on the planet seems to have filmmaking in their DNA now. Everybody knows how to make a movie. So what are you going to film school for? They all know how to shoot, they all know how to cut, and they know all the ins and outs of the industry.

That’s right. When we were going to film school, you couldn’t cut unless you were cutting with either a Moviola or a Steenbeck, which you had to rent, which meant you would rent it with two other students and work it 24 hours a day. Now you can cut anything you want on your Mac. You can shoot on an iPhone, which looks fantastic. And you can stabilize and move the camera through space, and there are gimbals and drones, and there’s LCD lighting—all these things that are so much easier.

You look at all those black & white movies, like Casablanca or His Girl Friday. They shot them with lenses that opened up to like f/4.5, and the ASA was probably 25 or 32. Since green and red look the same in black & white—gray—you couldn’t use color to separate people. You had to do it with lighting. And they shot them at most in like 20 or 30 days. It’s just amazing. And there was very little coverage. Things played out in master, and when you went in for coverage, you popped in. You didn’t change angles so much.

I wouldn’t go to film school now. You don’t need it for cameras, you don’t need it for editing, you can find other friends that want to act the same way we did. So I don’t know why anyone would go there.

This is neither here nor there, but did you actually boot Donald Trump from a Macy’s commercial?

Yeah. We did this big Technocrane shot that starts on all these people who had a branding thing at Macy’s—Martha Stewart, Emeril, Queen Latifah, Usher—we pulled back, back, back—and across to the other side of Macy’s—we built a Macy’s lobby at Steiner Studios in Brooklyn—there’s Donald Trump and three little kids at another table, like at the children’s table. And Trump says, “How did I end up here?” So we did that in the master. And now I was going to go in for a tighter shot of Trump. And he said, “You’re not shooting me from that side. That’s my bad side.” I said, “Well, I have to. I can’t shoot from the other side. It won’t cut.” He went, “Find another angle or I’m leaving.” And I said, “OK, see you. Thanks for coming.” He said, “You’re letting Donald Trump leave without getting a closeup?” And I said, “Yeah, it’ll be fine. You don’t want me to shoot from here, and I can’t shoot from where you want me to, so we’re good. It’s going to be great. Go home.” He said, “I’m leaving.” I said, “Yeah, you’re leaving. Goodbye.” So I went to do a two-shot of Martha Stewart and Queen Latifah, and everyone was a little freaked out—you know, the clients and the agency—because I let Donald Trump leave without his closeup. I’m setting up the shot, and there’s a tap on my shoulder, and Trump says, “Alright, you can shoot me on my bad side.” I said, “We’ve moved on, Don. Go home. We’re done. We don’t need you anymore.”

Barry’s Gordon Willis-like cinematography in the Coen brothers’ Miller’s Crossing (1990)

creating brilliant cinematography within the limitations of black & white—Casablanca (1942)

Michael Gaughn—The Absolute Sound, The Perfect Vision, Wideband, Stereo Review, Sound & Vision, The Rayva Roundtablemarketing, product design, some theater designs, a couple TV shows, some commercials, and now this.

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Barry Sonnenfeld, A Life in Movies, Pt. 2

Barry Sonnenfeld–A Life in Movies

part 2

How shooting major films like Blood Simple, Raising Arizona, Big, and Throw Momma from the Train led to Barry being asked to direct his first feature

by Michael Gaughn
July 24, 2023

above | Danny DeVito and Barry Sonnenfeld on the set of Throw Momma from the Train (1987)

After firmly establishing in Part 1 of this interview that Barry Sonnenfeld was never a big movie fan but found his way into the movies anyway by attending NYU film school for want of anything better to do, we here talk about how he became  a first-rank cinematographer, by way of his innovative camera work on Joel and Ethan Coen’s low-budget first feature, Blood Simple, and then instantly leapt into the first rank of directors, thanks to Terry Gilliam and Tim Burton both taking a pass on The Addams Family.

It seems like the making of Blood Simple pretty much falls in line with the rest of the arc of your career. You and the Coens had never done a feature film before but you all decided to jump in with both feet without a ton of experience.

We had no experience at all. Joel and Ethan did love films and had shot their own Super 8 stuff, but mainly what we had is pre-production. What we lacked in experience, we made up by controlling every single thing so we would never be on the set standing with our arms crossed, wondering where we should put the camera. Everything was designed.

To this day, both as a cinematographer and as a director, I publish all the shots for the whole movie so everyone has them. That way, the grips can come to me in pre-production and say, “Hey, Barry, on Day 12 where it says ‘boom up,’ is that a dolly boom up or do we need a crane for that?” And, “Or, do we need a cheap crane or do we need a Technocrane, or can we lay track, or are we gonna—“

I do that because I’m so nervous. It’s the same reason why I get to the airport four hours before boarding time—not even departure time. Boarding time. I want to be prepared. And Joel and Ethan and I learned that if you’re prepared, you just get that many more setups in a day and it looks that much better.

Also, Blood Simple was a perfect first movie because it’s very claustrophobic, doesn’t have a lot of extras, doesn’t have big stunts, doesn’t have crazy squibs and shootouts and stuff like that. It’s a very contained, small movie, which was perfect for our budget and schedule—although people are amazed that, as first-time moviemakers, we had 42 days to shoot that in, which is a lot for a low-budget film. We alternated six- and five-day weeks.

But the bigger thing we learned, by accident, is decide what you want to be and declare yourself that. You know, I never worked my way up through union positions—from loader to clapper to focus puller to operator to second-unit DP to DP. That would have been 15 years. I just said, “I’m a DP,” Joel said, “I’m a director,” Ethan said he’s a producer.

We talked about how you’d really wanted to be a photographer/writer and kind of stumbled into film school and cinematography. It seems like your path to directing was pretty similar.

I wanted to be an architect but there’s too much math—or a DJ, but my voice is not good for radio. Maybe an astronomer—but, again, too much math.

Yeah, I really was not one of those guys that loved films. When I was at film school, there were certain films I did really love, like Scorsese’s Mean Streets and Taxi Driver. Not much of a fan of Raging Bull, actually. Although the boxing stuff was phenomenal, some of the scenes between Joe Pesci and De Niro felt like improv exercises no one had edited properly.

So I think the reason I was hired to direct Addams Family—because again, as you point out, I was not looking to be a director. I had a very successful career as a cinematographer. I felt I was in control of my profession. I felt if I wanted something to look a certain way, I could achieve that goal. So I was in a really good place.

Barry Sonnenfeld--A Life in Movies, Part 2
Barry Sonnenfeld--A Life in Movies, Part 2

But Scott Rudin realized he wanted Addams Family to both be a funny comedy and to have a visual style, and 95 percent of most comedies meant bounce a light into the ceiling so you get an exposure, start shooting, and have the actors be funny. But Scott wanted a really stylized, visually stunning movie, so he tried to hire Tim Burton and Terry Gilliam. Both good choices. But they both turned it down.

In any case, Scott was the president of production at Fox when I shot Big and Raising Arizona. So what Scott knew when he saw Raising Arizona is that, along with the Coens, I really knew how to stylize a comedy. I mean, Raising Arizona looks unlike almost any other comedy I’ve ever seen. And then, because he was the head of the studio when I shot Big, he had heard all the stories of how helpful I was to Penny Marshall in designing all the shots, in helping her understand where the camera should be to help make the edit work—

Which she didn’t really appreciate, it seems.

She didn’t appreciate it, but, you know, that’s OK. But she didn’t appreciate Tom Hanks’ acting either. “I never thought you were a good cinematographer but you picked a good film stock,” was her compliment to me. And hers to Tom—in the LA Times, no less—was, “I never thought Tom was a particularly good actor so I surrounded him with other good actors to make him look better.” Thank you, Penny.

Anyway, Scott thought he would take a chance and felt I might make a good movie for him because of the way I stylized comedies.

You talked in the book about how, when you were pitching Get Shorty to Elmore Leonard, you had to make sure he knew you weren’t going to make a “wacky” comedy.

That’s right.

The Addams Family (1991)
left | Christopher Lloyd
right | Barry and producer Scott Rudin watching playback with Jimmy Workman and Christina Ricci

Big (1988)

Barry Sonnenfeld--A Life in Movies, Part 2

Get Shorty (1995)Barry with Dennis Farina 

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You basically told him the same thing you said to me about Dr. Strangelove—all of the comedy has to spring from the premise.

Well, you know, Elmore, before he gave Danny DeVito and me the rights, was nervous because no one had successfully transformed one of his books into a movie because they never understood either the comedy, the surrealness, or the violence, and how you combine those things. And then here’s Danny DeVito, a comedy guy, and there’s me, a comedy DP on Raising Arizona and Throw Momma from the Train, and Elmore just wanted to make sure I was not going to turn it into some sort of wacky comedy. And I remember, on that phone call with him, me, Danny DeVito, and Elmore’s agent, I had to really let Elmore know that what makes his work so funny is that he’s not trying to be funny. People say stupid things, but not because they’re trying to be funny. It’s just because they’re idiots. But they play the idiocy as reality.

In the final part of the interview, Barry gives his insights into the art of cinematography and talks about a particularly momentous Macy’s commercial.

Michael Gaughn—The Absolute Sound, The Perfect Vision, Wideband, Stereo Review, Sound & Vision, The Rayva Roundtablemarketing, product design, some theater designs, a couple TV shows, some commercials, and now this.

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Barry Sonnenfeld, A Life in Movies, Pt. 1

Barry Sonnenfeld–A Life in Movies

part 1

The Men in Black and Get Shorty director on how he wandered into film school, the filmmakers who’ve influenced his work, the dos & don’ts of comedy directing, and more

by Michael Gaughn
July 17, 2023

above | a very young Barry Sonnenfeld shooting Raising Arizona for the Coen brothers

Barry Sonnenfeld says he was never a movie fan growing up, and it’s clear from the interview that follows that he took a very non-traditional, almost reluctant, path to becoming a director. It’s not that he’s not keenly aware of or doesn’t appreciate movies—he put me on to Parasite a full year before it was released and his current favorite film is the hyper-stylized Indian production RRR. He just never felt the need to retreat into movies and movie lore the way wave after wave of filmmakers have since the 1970s.

Barry is actually a bit of a throwback. Until the emergence of the movie brats, movies tended to be made by people who had come from just about anywhere but the film industry. And they tended to be made by people who had already been out in the world and were able to draw on a depth and variety of experience that they were then able to convey through their work. It’s a considerable loss that we’re now saddled with directors—usually from the womblike world of the more affluent suburbs—whose experiences are at best limited and who only really know how to regurgitate the movies they’ve lost themselves in as an alternative to reality.

Given how much of his work is based in fantasy, and that his Men in Black helped pave the way for the current profusion of cheeky action-driven sci-fi fare, it’s easy to mistake Barry for one of the film-obsessed. So it’s surprising to read his autobiography, Barry Sonnenfeld, Call Your Mother, and realize how much his early experiences—especially his less than privileged and highly dysfunctional home life—have informed his films. (It’s hard not to see a link between his having had to disperse cockroach hordes every time he entered his parents’ kitchen and the alien infestation in Men in Black, and a surprising number of childhood memories permeate the third installment of that series.)

The interview below is basically a riff on his autobiography—not a repetition of its anecdotes but a kind of parallel commentary that further develops the story of how he came to be a hugely successful and influential director, highlights the movies and filmmakers that have inspired his work, and shows the insight and skill that led him to become a master of his craft.

The common perception is that film directors are all rabid film fans who’ll do whatever they have to to be able to make movies. But it’s clear from your book that you were never a big movie fan and that you kind of wandered into the industry.

That’s right. I didn’t grow up a movie buff the way the Coen brothers did, who shot their own Super 8 movies and did remakes of things like The Naked and the Dead. I ended up going to the NYU graduate film program only for lack of anything better to do. I really wanted to be a still photographer like Elliot Erwitt, Gary Winogrand, or Lee Friedlander, but my parents said they would pay for me to go to graduate film school—which turned out to be a lie. I ended up having to take out student loans and credit card debt at 18%. But I went to NYU and discovered that, along with my ability as a still photographer, I had some talent as a cinematographer. And those two things are very different since so much of movies is about moving the camera.

I will say that, in both my stills and my work as a cinematographer and then as a director, I’ve always gravitated to wide-angle lenses. I shot 95 percent of all my work in stills either with a 21mm or 35mm lens. And in my work as a cinematographer—especially with the Coens and Danny DeVito and some of the stuff I did as a director—my key lens was also a 21mm.

Wide-angle lenses force you to be closer to the action because they see so much. And by being closer, the audience subconsciously feels that the camera is near the actors. You feel a certain energy in the actor’s performance, especially with a wider lens closer—unlike, say, Michael Mann or Ridley and Tony Scott, who tend to use telephoto lenses.

Will Smith told me that when he did Enemy of the State with Tony Scott, he could never even see the camera. It was so far away with a 200mm or 300mm lens, he didn’t even know they were shooting. And there I am two feet away from him with a lens practically in his nostrils. So it’s a very different way of working.

Did Kubrick have any influence on your use of wide-angle in movies or is that more about the two of you being sympathetic in your approach to filmmaking?

You know, Kubrick is my favorite director. My favorite movie is Dr. Strangelove. I also love 2001: A Space Odyssey. I hired Vincent D’Onofrio to be Edgar, the villain in the first Men in Black, in part because of his work in Full Metal Jacket.

What I love about Strangelove—which I think is also the best comedy ever—is everyone is playing the comedy as reality. No one’s trying to be funny. And because the reality is so surreal, stupid, and off the charts, that’s what makes it funny. It’s a perfect movie for expressing my kind of movie acting. The other thing Kubrick did so well is that he played 

Barry Sonnenfeld--A Life in Movies, Part 1
Barry Sonnenfeld--A Life in Movies, Part 1

John C. Reilly and Will Farrell in the Baby Jesus dinner scene from Talladega Nights

scenes out in masters, so you see action and reaction. You see Sterling Hayden and Peter Sellers next to each other while Hayden is talking about Purity of Essence and how he couldn’t get an erection after fluoridation of our water and all that; and in the same shot, you see Peter Sellers—it’s a raking two-shot—reacting.

The worst thing to do in a comedy is keep cutting around to tell people what’s funny. Let the reaction play within the scene. Let the audience decide what’s funny.

So, yes, Kubrick had a great influence on me, especially with how he designed the shots in Strangelove. Early on, there’s the scene with George C. Scott and Miss Foreign Affairs in a bedroom full of mirrors, and Scott is in the bathroom for half the scene off camera. There are no cuts—it all plays in this probably four-minute master—and it’s just thrilling how brilliant and daring it is not to have any cutaways to the other side of the conversation, not to cut to Scott in the bathroom. For me, that’s perfection.

That would seem to be a million miles away from somebody like Adam McKay, who has a very loose approach to directing comedy.

A movie I thought was very funny but is so not the way I make movies was his Talledega Nights. He is all about comedy improv. He writes stuff but then the cast just riffs and goes on forever. There’s the Baby Jesus dinner scene, where you can see that they’re shooting with two or three cameras. You see part of someone’s nose in this shot and someone’s ear over the shoulder in that, because in those kind of comedies, it’s not so much about the stylization or the visualization of the movie but funny dialogue.

It’s an equally valid way of doing it—just I couldn’t do it. I could not go on the set without a shot list, without a plan. I mean, I have seen directors rehearse a scene on set and then say to the DP, “So where do you think we should put the camera?” That’s crazy. It also allows

Stanley Kubrick’s Dr. Strangelove
left | Tracy Reed and George C. Scott, 
right | Peter Sellers and Sterling Hayden 

making the comedy happen in the master shot—the delivery-room scene from Preston Sturges’ The Miracle of Morgan’s Creek

a publicity still from Howard Hawks’ Bringing Up Baby

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the actors to sit or stand wherever they feel like without telling them, “You’re going to come through the door here, you gonna . . .” It seems like such an inefficient way of spending your 12 hours a day on the set. You don’t want to spend any of that time figuring stuff out. You want to spend it filming—lighting, setting up shots, and acting.

Few directors—especially comedy directors—pace their movies on the set. They try to pace them in the cutting room instead. So they’re never saying to the actors, “Let’s just do one more where everyone talks faster” or “Do one more—pick up the cues between when he says this and you say that.” But then if you feel it’s too boring and you need to pace it up, the only way you can do that is through editing. And the more you edit, the more you cut around, unconsciously, the more the audience finds it less funny.

Again, what’s really funny are master shots, like Katharine Hepburn and Cary Grant in the same frame [in Bringing Up Baby], with Cary Grant in her aunt’s bathrobe and Katharine Hepburn calling Grant “Mr. Bones,” which isn’t his name, while he’s trying get in a word edgewise with her aunt. And because it plays out in a master, it lets the audience find where the comedy is.

When I was the cameraman on When Harry Met Sally . . . and we shot the orgasm scene at Katz’s with Meg Ryan and Billy Crystal, in every preview we had, as big a laugh as Meg Ryan gets acting out her orgasm, when you see Billy doing nothing except staring at her, the laughs go from 40 dB to 60 dB—just because his reaction is the audience’s point of view.

You want to make the actors talk fast so you can stay on the master shot. Look at any Preston Sturges or Howard Hawks comedy—those actors are not even listening to what the other actors are saying. They’re coming right in with it. There’s no reaction. They’re just right on top of it. They’ve overlapping. It’s thrilling to watch. You don’t get directors controlling the pace on set these days. You have them trying to control it in the cutting room, which is wrong.

In Part 2, Barry talks about making Blood Simple with the Coens, his transition from cinematographer to director, and making The Addams Family and Get Shorty.

Billy Crystal reacting—or not—in When Harry Met Sally . . .

Michael Gaughn—The Absolute Sound, The Perfect Vision, Wideband, Stereo Review, Sound & Vision, The Rayva Roundtablemarketing, product design, some theater designs, a couple TV shows, some commercials, and now this.

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Review: Elf

Elf (2003)

review | Elf

This Will Ferrell vehicle has become a Christmas classic—and deservedly so—even though it’s actually not a very good movie

by Michael Gaughn
updated May 22, 2023

You’re going to need to bear with me here because I will get around to recommending that you watch Elf. But I first need to point out that it’s just not a very good movie.

The story is contrived and soulless, the casting—with one very obvious exception—is tone deaf, it’s badly shot, and the practical effects are so unconvincing that they would have been better off going with early-‘00s CGI instead.

Every character except Will Ferrell’s is one-dimensional and pretty much interchangeable. Any irascible middle-aged actor could have played the James Caan role, Mary Steenburgen is just there to be stereotypically empathetic, the kid that plays their son is just unpleasant, and a very anemic and kind of homely (before she went full Kabuki and became an “It” girl) Zooey Deschanel is just there to admire Ferrell—Nicoletta Braschi’s thankless job vis à vis Roberto Benigni in Life is Beautiful, although not quite that bad.

Everything about Elf feels half-baked, like a Tim Burton movie. The ending is a completely botched deus ex machina, with every kind of contrivance thrown at the audience, all but forgetting about Buddy, ladling on a ton of fake drama because the filmmakers hadn’t been able to generate any real drama before then—the kind of thing that happens when the so-called creatives only have other movies to draw on for tactical support because they don’t have any bearings in real life.

It might seem misguided to beat up on a 17-year-old film, but I’m trying to make a point about why we watch Elf, and should watch Elf.

This movie has become a tradition because it’s great holiday wallpaper, meant to be played in the background during Yuletide celebrations, but liberally sprinkled with “O wait!” moments that momentarily draw your attention back to the screen—like “O wait! This is the scene where he eats the Pop Tarts with the spaghetti” and “O wait! Here’s that thing where he gets attacked by the midget.” In other words, A Christmas Story, except made with some intelligence and a modicum of taste.

In retrospect, it’s obvious that Elf anticipated and helped create the current age of maximum repetition and redundancy where the last thing we want from a movie or a series is to be shown anything challenging or new. It’s meant to be big, warm, and fuzzy like a well-worn security blanket, something utterly predictable and familiar you can wrap yourself in so you don’t have to feel anything, except coddled.

What would seem to be the movie’s greatest vice is actually its saving virtue. Elf is ultimately nothing but a Will Ferrell vehicle. He doesn’t just carry the film, he is the film. And that’s not a bad thing but a great thing—a cause for celebration—because he’s able to pull it off, and in spades, turning an otherwise by-the-book studio effort into a virtuoso one-man show.

Ferrell has Peter Sellers’ ability to make cartoonish, completely impossible, characters feel more real than than the more realistic characters around him. And his investment in Buddy is so complete that he’s able to rise above the incredibly tepid and inept script (which apparently everybody but the second grip worked on) and energize enough scenes to make it worth tolerating all the many areas where the movie sags.

I know that’s a really back-handed recommendation, but it’s a very sincere one. It’s definitely worth anyone’s time to watch Elf and just hone in on and savor and sit in amazement of what Ferrell is able to pull off. He makes Buddy so completely embody Christmas that Santa, the elves, the North Pole, and all the other traditional trappings seem not just threadbare but unnecessary.

Elf looks surprisingly good viewed in HD on Kaleidescape. I can’t see any point in rushing this movie into a 4K HDR upgrade—it would likely just make it look even more poorly executed than it already does. The only real flaw in HD are the crawling corpuscles that appear whenever there’s a bright white patch, like the blown-out sunlight seen through the doors at Gimbel’s or out the window in Caan’s apartment.

The soundtrack is nothing special, just serviceable, but you can hear all the lines so I’ve got to give it credit for that. The extras? (of which there are many). Let’s not go there.

Nothing I’ve said is going to make even the slightest dent in Elf’s reputation as a latter-day Christmas classic. But hopefully I can jog the perception of it just enough that it seems less like an obligation, like sweaters and fruitcake, and more like a genuine source of holiday cheer.

Michael Gaughn—The Absolute Sound, The Perfect Vision, Wideband, Stereo Review, Sound & Vision, The Rayva Roundtablemarketing, product design, some theater designs, a couple TV shows, some commercials, and now this.

PICTURE | Elf looks surprisingly good viewed in HD on Kaleidescape, with the only real flaw the crawling corpuscles that appear whenever there’s a bright white patch

SOUND | The soundtrack is nothing special, just serviceable, but you can hear all the lines so you’ve got to give it credit for that

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Review: Once Upon a Time in the West

Once Upon a Time in the West (1968)

review | Once Upon a Time in the West

Sergio Leone’s legendary epic finally makes the leap to 4K HDR with mostly admirable results

by Michael Gaughn
May 8, 2023

Once Upon a Time in the West has been on the short list of titles I’ve wanted to see in 4K HDR ever since the format was announced. And now that the day has arrived, my reaction can be summed up in two words: deeply ambivalent.

There’s no denying it looks striking, worthy of all the usual praise about pristine reproduction, fine detail, piercing highlights, rich, nuanced blacks, etc. But, interrupted by a call, I had to pause playback during Jason Robards’ big entrance at Lionel Stander’s trailside store, and when I came back and hit Play again, something didn’t feel quite right. I’d been enjoying the movie, but having been jolted out of it, I suddenly realized it just didn’t look like film. And once I’d been thrown for that loop, it became hard to buy back into the illusion.

The faults in Once Upon a Time are nowhere near as egregious as they are with HDR transfers like The Maltese Falcon, Casablanca, or The Godfather, where you’re forced into a cartoonish parallel universe that bears little relation to what was originally committed to film. The intentions here seem to have been more honorable—they just took it all a little too far. A Sergio Leone western from the late ‘60s ought to have grain, which brings energy and texture to the frame. And smoothing everything over once again results in skin that looks a lot like pleather. (The Victor Laszlo Award this time around goes to Robards, with Claudia Cardinale coming in a close second.)

Film has signature traits that create a kind of analog aura that makes movies of the pre-digital age feel more human. But we’ve come, sadly, to see those traits as flaws, which is why tech guys running roughshod over classics tends to elicit nary a whimper when it ought to summon up howls. To use 4K HDR to impose a radical makeover when it could instead be used to make the home viewing experience match what it was like to see the film as it was originally shown in theaters feels criminal.

To give credit, it was nice to see things like the subtle gradations of the worn black fabric in Jack Elam and Woody Strode’s hats so well rendered, and in a film that thrives on extreme closeups, you can make a parlor game out of counting nose hairs and ferreting out scars. But I’m not sure how anyone benefits from being able to make out every line in Cardinale’s crow’s feet or all the innumerable tire tracks criss-crossing the desert, or any of the other things we were never meant to see. And this is another transfer where HDR makes some of the elements pop far too much. The fire Cardinale uses to warm her coffee looks out of line with both the film and reality, and the railroad baron’s blinding white shirt collar and cuffs float in the frame like the Cheshire Cat’s smile.

It was interesting to compare this new release to the recent straight 4K transfer of The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly (GBU). That earlier film is alive with grain, which does at times make its presence too emphatically felt; but the movie would lose much of its warmth and grit if it was all scrubbed away. Some of the elements are in questionable shape, causing some scenes to look a little flat and washed out. But you ultimately end up with an experience that’s remarkably true to the film Leone shot, which ought to be the goal.

(Adding to my ambivalence—and to get heretical here for a moment—rewatching GBU had me wondering if it isn’t the better movie. Its looser, droller, but still epic approach makes Once Upon a Time seem a little too aware of its own importance. Both films have been equally influential but in different ways, and GBU, which has little of the pretentiousness but all the ambition of the later effort, might actually be the more satisfying of the two.)

There isn’t much point in talking about Once Upon a Time as a film. What Leone created has become so iconic and has so permeated the culture that everyone is familiar with it, even if they’ve never actually seen it. But I was struck on this viewing by how almost all the conventions that determine modern film were born during that incredibly fecund period between 1967 and 1969, and by how stagnant things have gotten in the half century since, until the movie industry has become a kind of vast—but unquestionably lucrative—necropolis.

And I’m not just talking about film techniques but subject matter, tone, attitude, acting—the whole shebang. (To take just one example, Tarantino wouldn’t have a career without Once Upon a Time, and everything he’s done has essentially been a recapitulation of Leone, just cranked to 11.) Nobody ever seems to wonder why we’ve never moved beyond—outgrown—that era. It would be too much of a digression to speculate on that here, but it does seem to be a enervating case of massive repression.

But to return to the film at hand—which, in a sense, we never left—while Once Upon a Time in the West shows evidence of the tendency toward cockiness in recent 4K HDR transfers, and would have been amazing (and a candidate for our “Essentials” list) if it had shown just a bit more respect for the source material, it is enjoyable to watch, partly because the strength of Leone’s original effort allows this release to rise above its digital sins. It will do—and do well—for now while we hope the idea of trying to stay true to the filmmakers’ intentions makes a badly needed comeback.

Michael Gaughn—The Absolute Sound, The Perfect Vision, Wideband, Stereo Review, Sound & Vision, The Rayva Roundtablemarketing, product design, some theater designs, a couple TV shows, some commercials, and now this.

PICTURE | The 4K HDR release of the revered Leone epic looks gorgeous but is a little too clean, removing the necessary grit, resulting in a look that’s untrue to the original film

SOUND | Crisp and clean while staying true to the soundtrack—but, once again, where’s the original mono mix?

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